Wu B et al.

 

One of the risk factors for dementia is diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition, tooth loss is emerging to be associated with dementia and cognitive impairment. This 12-year cohort study evaluates the impact of the co-occurrence of DM and edentulism on cognitive decline and potential differences across age groups. Data are based on the representative U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from 2006-2018, which included 9,948 adults aged 65 to over 85 years.

Rates of cognitive decline were modelled by age cohort. Compared with same-aged who had neither DM nor edentulism at baseline, older adults (65-74 and 75-84 years) with both conditions had a worse cognitive function. In terms of cognitive decline, older adults (65-74 years) with both conditions had a higher rate than those who had neither condition. DM alone led to an accelerated cognitive decline in older adults (65-74 years). Edentulism alone led to an accelerated decline in adults in both the 65-74 and 75-84 age groups. The study shows that the co-occurrence of DM and edentulism leads to poorer cognitive function and faster cognitive decline in adults aged 65-74 years, but not in the even older.

 

The authors posit clinical and public health effects on preventing cognitive decline in older adults, particularly those with DM and poor oral health. Regular dental visits should be encouraged for these individuals. In addition, regular cognitive screening may be required as part of primary care. The relationship between oral health and cognition should be emphasised during routine examinations.

 

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